宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导：

1. that引导

We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。

The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。

I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。

I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。

We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。

2. whether / if引导

I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。

I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。

I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。

I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。

He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。

I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。

She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。

3. 连接代词引导

I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。

Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。

I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。

You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。

We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。

Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。

You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。

Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。

4. 连接副词引导

He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。

You don’t know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。

I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。

He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。

Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?

I’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。

We didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。

3. 关系代词what引导

She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。

I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。

He could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。

They did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。

They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。

【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)：

From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。

有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：

She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。

比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样：

He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。