直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：

He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

He said, “I’ll give you an examination next Monday.”——>

He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）

此外主句中的谓语还常有：

repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：

He said，“I’m late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.

如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。

The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>

The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.

2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。

He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>

He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

He said, “You are interested in English, aren’t you?”——>

He asked whether I was interested in English.

3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：

He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——>

He asked me whether I spoke English or French..

I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——>

I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：

He asked，“What’s your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.

He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>

He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：

He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.

“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——>

He told me to be careful with my handwriting.

“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>

The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.

“Don’t touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>

The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.

6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：

He said, “Let’s have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.

He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.

7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：

“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.

“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——>

He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.

8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.